Results: 75

• Webb v Emo Air Cargo (UK) Ltd

  14 Feb 1990 [1990] ICR 442; The Times, 21 February 1990, EAT

  20 Dec 1991 [1992] ICR 445; [1992] 2 All ER 43, CA

  26 Nov 1992 [1993] 1 WLR 49; [1993] ICR 175; [1992] 4 All ER 929, HL(E)

  14 Jul 1994 (Case C-32/93); EU:C:1994:300; [1994] QB 718; [1994] 3 WLR 941; [1994] ICR 770; [1994] 4 All ER 115, ECJ

  Subsequent considerations : 2 positive; 2 neutral. Subsequent citations: 143.
  DISCRIMINATION, SEX — Employment — Dismissal

  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Employment

  EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE — Reference to — Court's previous decisions
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  Case index catchwords

  DISCRIMINATION, SEX — Employment — Dismissal — Act of discrimination — Pregnant woman dismissed by employers — Whether discrimination on ground of sex — Sex Discrimination Act 1975, s 1(1)(a)

  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Employment — Pregnancy — Applicant engaged for unlimited term but initially to replace pregnant employee during maternity leave — Dismissal shortly after appointment as consequence of pregnancy — Whether dismissal precluded by reason of discrimination on ground of sex — Sex Discrimination Act 1975, ss 1(1)(a)(b), 5(3) — Council Directive (76/207/EEC), arts 2(1), 5(1) — Council Directive (92/85/EEC), art 10

  EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE — Reference to — Court's previous decisions — Dismissal of pregnant applicant unable to carry out contract — Whether discrimination on ground of sex — Whether fundamental reason for dismissal unavailability for job or pregnancy — Council Directive (76/207/EEC), art 2(1)

  11 Case(s) considered

• Anklagemyndigheden v Hansen & Soen I/S

  10 Jul 1990 (Case C-326/88); EU:C:1990:291; [1992] ICR 277; The Times, 14 August 1990, ECJ

  Subsequent citations: 5.
  EUROPEAN COMMUNITY — Council Regulation — Implementation
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  Case index catchwords

  EUROPEAN COMMUNITY — Council Regulation — Implementation — Council Regulation laying down maximum daily driving and rest periods for road transport drivers — Member state's legislation implementing Regulation including provision holding employers strictly liable for employees' infringements — Whether Regulation precluding imposition of strict liability — Council Regulation (EEC) No 543/69, arts 7(2), 11

  1 EU Enactment considered
• Dekker v Stichting Vormingscentrum voor Jong Volwassenen (VJV-Centrum) Plus

  08 Nov 1990 (Case C-177/88); EU:C:1990:383; [1992] ICR 325; [1991] IRLR 27; The Times, 20 December 1990, ECJ

  Subsequent considerations : 1 positive; 1 neutral; 1 negative. Subsequent citations: 49.
  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Employment
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  Case index catchwords

  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Employment — Pregnant woman applying with other women for post — Application unsuccessful as employers unlikely to be reimbursed by state fund for benefits paid during maternity leave — Whether discrimination justifiable — Council Directive (76/207/EEC), arts 2(1), 3 (1)

  1 EU Enactment considered
• Handels-og Kontorfunktionærernes Forbund i Danmark v Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening

  08 Nov 1990 (Case C-179/88); EU:C:1990:384; [1992] ICR 332; [1990] ECR I-3979; [1991] IRLR 31; The Times, 20 December 1990, ECJ

  Subsequent considerations : 2 positive; 3 neutral. Subsequent citations: 29.
  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Employment
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  Case index catchwords

  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Employment — Illness attributable to pregnancy or confinement — Employee dismissed on grounds of frequent absences due to illness following pregnancy complications — Employer's policy to dismiss employees with excessive sick leave — Whether inclusion in policy of illness attributable to pregnancy or confinement sex discrimination — Council Directive (76/207/EEC), arts 2(1), 5(1)

  1 EU Enactment considered

• R v Secretary of State for Social Security, Ex parte Equal Opportunities Commission

  07 Jul 1992 (Case C-9/91); [1992] ICR 782; [1992] 3 All ER 577; EU:C:1992:297, ECJ

  Subsequent citations: 15.
  SOCIAL SECURITY — National insurance — Contributions
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  Case index catchwords

  SOCIAL SECURITY — National insurance — Contributions — Men paying contributions until age of 65 — Women working after age of 60 not having to contribute — Whether discrimination against men permissible derogation from the requirement of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security — Council Directive (79/7/EEC), arts 4(1), 7(1)
• Kowalska v Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg

  27 Jun 1990 (Case C-33/89); EU:C:1990:265; [1992] ICR 29; [1990] IRLR 447; The Times, 14 August 1990; The Independent, 20 August 1990, ECJ

  Subsequent considerations : 2 positive; 1 neutral. Subsequent citations: 43.
  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Equal pay
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  Case index catchwords

  DISCRIMINATION — Sex — Equal pay — Collective agreement — Collective agreement entitling civil servants to severance grant — Agreement excluding civil servants working part-time — Whether discrimination in “pay” of part-time employees — EEC Treaty, art 119

  1 Words & Phrases considered

  1 EU Enactment considered

• Publishers Association v Commission of the European Communities (Nos 2 & 3) (In re Net Book Agreements)

  09 Jul 1992 (Case T-66/89); EU:T:1992:84; [1992] ICR 842; [1992] 4 All ER 70; [1992] 5 CMLR 120; [1992] ECR II-1995; The Times, 7 November 1992, CFI (President JL Cruz Vilaca, Judges DPM Barrington, C Yeraris, CP Brieet and J Biancarelli)

  17 Jan 1995 (Case C-360/92P); (Case C-360/92 P); EU:C:1995:6; [1996] ICR 121; [1995] 5 CMLR 33; [1996] FSR 33; [1995] EMLR 185; The Times, 13 January 1995, ECJ (President GC Rodriguez Iglesias, Judges JC Moitinho de Almeida and DAO Edward Advocate General CO Lenz)

  Subsequent citations: 2.
  EUROPEAN COMMUNITY — Free competition — Restriction or distortion of competition
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  Case index catchwords

  EUROPEAN COMMUNITY — Free competition — Restriction or distortion of competition — Exemption — Agreements fixing prices and conditions for sale of books — National court ruling that agreements in public interest — Commission's subsequent ruling that agreements infringing common market rules on competition — Whether Commission right to refuse exemption for agreements — EEC Treaty, art 85(1)(3)

  EUROPEAN COMMUNITY — Free competition — Restriction or distortion of competition — Exemption — Agreements fixing prices and conditions for sale of books — Restrictions indispensable to objectives — National court ruling agreements in public interest — Whether relevant — Whether benefits occuring in another member state relevant to indispensability — EEC Treaty, art 85(3)

  3 Case(s) considered

  1 EU Enactment considered

• Tanks & Drums Ltd v Transport and General Workers’ Union

  02 Jul 1991 [1992] ICR 1; [1991] IRLR 372; The Times, 10 July 1991, CA (Neill, Russell and Leggatt LJJ)

  13 Jun 1992 [1992] ICR 1, QBD (Rougier J)

  Subsequent citations: 2.
  TRADE DISPUTE — Act in furtherance of — Procuring breach of contract
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  Case index catchwords

  TRADE DISPUTE — Act in furtherance of — Procuring breach of contract — Ballot — Proposal for strike supported by ballot — Ballot paper naming specified person to authorise industrial action — Specified person authorising union officials to call strike if negotiations breaking down — Whether call for industrial action by specified person — Whether consequent strike supported by ballot — Trade Union Act 1984, s 10(1) (as amended by Employment Act 1990, Sch 2, para 2) — Employment Act 1990, s 7(3)(b)

  1 Case considered

  2 Statutes considered
• R v Civil Service Appeal Board, Ex parte Cunningham (Cunningham, Ex parte)

  25 May 1990 The Times, 13 June 1990, QBD (Otton J)

  04 Mar 1991 [1992] ICR 816; [1991] 4 All ER 310, CA

  Subsequent considerations : 4 positive; 2 neutral. Subsequent citations: 30.
  JUDICIAL REVIEW — Civil Service Appeal Board — Appeal
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  Case index catchwords

  JUDICIAL REVIEW — Civil Service Appeal Board — Appeal — Board determining prison officer's dismissal unfair and recommending reinstatement — Recommendation not accepted — Board awarding £6,500 compensation but refusing to give reasons — No right to appeal from board's award or to apply to industrial tribunal — Whether board having duty to give reasons — Whether award irrational

  3 Case(s) considered

• Cold Drawn Tubes Ltd v Middleton

  17 Dec 1991 [1992] ICR 318, EAT

  Subsequent citations: 2.
  EMPLOYMENT — Unfair dismissal — Reinstatement
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  Case index catchwords

  EMPLOYMENT — Unfair dismissal — Reinstatement — Non-compliance with order — Redundancy situation arising if dismissed employee reinstated — Whether practicable to reinstate employee — Whether employee entitled to compensation for employers' failure to reinstate — Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978, s 71(2)(b) (as amended by Employment Act 1982, s 5(1))

  1 Statute considered